Introduction.
Ships that operate in low temperatures where ice exists need to have a hull structure capable of withstanding contact with ice. Moreover, de-icing and other measures against low temperatures need to be taken to prevent the freezing and icing of propulsion machinery, deck machinery and equipment and other installations onboard ship.
Major casualties at sea continue at a disturbing level, marine insurers have warned.
The number of incidents reported in 2010 followed the negative trend of the previous four years, the International Union of Marine Insurance (IUMI) said.
A presentation at the RaetsMarine Network Seminar in 2008 given by Jeroen Ebbeling, senior risk advisor of RaetsMarine Insurance.
Sources for this article originated partly from public internet websites
Topics in this circular are: mining and trade, IMSBC Code, the Carriage and Prior to Loading.
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